Pdf in the context of mineral resource estimation, it is necessary to model. Pdf errors and uncertainty in mineral resource and ore reserve. This book covers the fundamental concepts of petroleum engineering. Ore reserve estimation and strategic mine planning. Dunn abstract the copper ore reserves at the chuquicamata mine were reestimated during march to june 1994, as part of a comprehensive audit of the mines overall short and longterm planning. Geostatistical ore reserve estimation focuses on the methodologies, processes, and principles involved in geostatistical ore reserve estimation, including the use of variogram, sampling, theoretical models, and variances and covariances. Deterministic and probabilistic estimation of reserves. If you dont want to wait have a look at our ebook offers and start reading immediately. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. On the comparison of deterministic and probabilistic wcet. Modelling approaches utilise topographical information and drill hole database.
Geostatistical ore reserve estimation 1st edition elsevier. Some classical reserve estimation techniques such as triangulation and. Box mp 167, mount pleasant, harare zimbabwe received february 18, 1988. A comparison of the deterministic and probabilistic methods, however, can provide quality assurance for estimating hydrocarbon reserves. These methods, called here deterministic, result in wireframes or. The choice of which kriging method to be used depends on the characteristics of the data and the type of. Mineral resource estimation request pdf researchgate. The termdeterministic in this context is intended to mean that the method will typically produce a single or point estimate of the reserves, without an assessment of the statistical variability around that estimate. Results indicate that the new approach used in reserve estimation process gives 1. This category implies a clearly lower status to the ore reserve in terms of degree of assurance, in spite of being still within the. Cambridge core mineralogy, petrology and volcanology applied mineral. Characteristics of nickel ore reserve estimation carried out simulations on the x nickel deposits.
Uncertainty in resource estimation affects longterm development, planning, and. It contains both the theory as well as easily understood applications of the techniques, demonstrated through examples from actual mining operations. They provided for the use of both probabilistic and deterministic methods in the. The method of estimation is called deterministic if a single best estimate of reserves is made based on known geological, engineering, and economic data. Exploration activity that has been done is taking samples with a regular distance of 25 m by using a rotary drilling tool. This book is the first of its kind, presenting stateoftheart stochastic simulation and. The technique allows using time reserves to define and protect duration estimates through offsetting unexpected issues that arise. A new probabilistic approach to proved reserves estimation. Applied mineral inventory estimation by alastair j. Ore reserve estimation tonnage factor basic principles of ore reserve calculation sample weighting mining dilution calculation by polygons cutoff grade calculation. Deterministic estimate the method of estimation of. Basics introduction of all parameters for reserve estimation by volumetric method and production forecasting.
In case of deterministic method, mathematical formulas are. This technique provides the best linear unbiased estimate blue of the. In a survey article, robinson 1991s also cites 1 ore reserve estimation in geological surveys, 2 measuring quality of a production plan and 3 ranking baseball players abilities. For example, world war ii with quotes will give more precise results than world war ii without quotes. First, the distinction between stochastic methods which for now will encompass both geostatistics and other stochastic modeling approaches and. Deterministic methods use singlepoint parameters to obtain reserves. In ore reserve estimation, the orebody is the region, and grade, thickness etc. Large scale deterministic geological control must be accounted for explicitly. Ore reserve estimation using localized trend analysis. If deterministic methods are used, the term reasonable certainty is intended to express a high degree of. No portion of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, including. Mining engineering mngn approaches to rock engineering designs. Estimates of the tonnage and average grade of ore deposits orereserve estimates are made for various purposes.
Purchase geostatistical ore reserve estimation 1st edition. Rv is a random quantity that assumes different values depending on its position within some region. As reported in spe 28329, mobil corporation utilizes a unique methodology for reserve and resource evaluation. Mineral resources estimation with data and parameter uncertainty. There are different estimation methods see below used for different. Alaphia wright department of mining engineering, university of zimbabwe, p. Reflections on geostatistics and stochastic modeling. In both approaches, mathematical formulae are used to estimate volumes of hydrocarbon. Ore is defined as a mineral or mineral aggregate more or less mixed with a gangue, from which a metal or metals can be won at a profit or in the hopes of a profit.
Ore reserve estimation methods, models and reality proceedings of the symposium sponsored by the geology division of clm, and held in montreal, quebec, may 1o11, 1986 edited by m. There is a growing need to collect and synthesize the practice of modern mineral resource estimation into a book for undergraduate students, beginning graduate students, and young geologists and. There are different estimation methods see below used for different scenarios dependent upon the ore boundaries, geological deposit geometry, grade variability and the amount of time and money available. It is traditionally used to provide deterministic estimates for future performance and remaining reserves. The method of estimation is called probabilistic when the known geological, engineering, and economic data are used to generate a range of estimates and their associated probabilities. The challenge stems from many factors, tangible and intangible, that enter the estimation process, and judgment is an integral part of the process. An integrated deterministicprobabilistic approach to. Pdf ore reserve and mineral resource estimation methods. Geostatistical ore reserve estimation sciencedirect. The methods are labelled as deterministic, to distinguish them from stochastic methods, which are described in chapter 4. It is necessary to make a few general comments at the outset of this dialog to set the stage for what is to follow.
Wildcard searching if you want to search for multiple variations of a word, you can substitute a special symbol called a wildcard for one or more letters. On the comparison of deterministic and probabilistic wcet estimation techniques jaume abellay, damien hardy, isabelle puaut, eduardo quinones. Excavation design examples for shafts, tunnels, large chambers and mine pillars. National institute of technology, rourkela c national institute of technology rourkela certificate this is to certify that the thesis entitled ore body modelling and comparison of. Mineral resource estimation, in mineral resource and ore reserve estimation the ausimm guide to good practice ed. E mineral resource estimates and public policy, american. However, the deterministic approach uses single value input parameters that are considered representative of the reservoir. Prof dimitrakopoulos practical approach in applying solutions to ore reserve and mining related problems will ensure that the book will appeal to a wide audience. Uncertainty, along with risk, is an endemic problem that must be addressed. Reserve estimation an overview sciencedirect topics. Some practical aspects of ore reserve estimation at chuquicamata copper mine, chile prof.
Blalst synopsis matheron, geoslalislical method or the estimation of ore reserves has been developed to the point al which reallife problcllll may be handled effectively. Reserve estimation free download as powerpoint presentation. Often, however, the deterministic prediction of future decline is far from the actual future production trend and, thus, the single deterministic value of reserves is not close to the true reserves. A mathematical model of a real reservoir is a set of partial differential equations.
Practical application of probabilistic approach to. This book is primarily written for research scholars, geologists, civil engineers. Ore reserve estimation and grade control, cimm, 9, spec. Ayisi, maurice, 3d block modeling and reserve estimation of a garnet deposit 2015. Ore reserve estimation techniques by cross section method. There has been recognition in the oil and gas and mineral extractive industries for some time. New approaches introduced include resourcereserve risk quantification, costeffective drilling programs, pit design and longterm production scheduling optimization with simulated orebodies, ore reserve classification, geologic risk. As production and pressure data from a field become available, decline analysis and material balance calculations, become the predominant methods of calculating. A number of methods are discussed that allow the estimator to be more. Metallurgical contentore reserve calculationsmineral ore reserve case 1mineral ore reserve case 2mineral ore reserve case 3 the usual method of sampling mineral deposits is to drill holes and assay the sludge or core. Phrase searching you can use double quotes to search for a series of words in a particular order.
A comparison of deterministic and probabilistic methods to. Topography of the hills with a slope of 300500 and 50230 meters above sea level mdpl. Estimates of the tonnage and average grade of ore deposits ore reserve estimates are made for various purposes. New approaches introduced include resourcereserve risk quantification, costeffective drilling programs, pit design and longterm production scheduling optimization with simulated orebodies, ore reserve classification, geologic risk discounting, waste managing and demand driven scheduling, risk assessment in meeting project production. The conventional approach to this problem is to estimate the mineral grade for. Deterministic estimate the method of estimation of reserves or resources is called deterministic if a single best estimate is made based on known geological, engineering, and economic data. Deterministic and stochastic methods are the two established method of reserve estimation.
Applied mineral inventory estimation presents a comprehensive applied approach to the estimation of mineral resourcesreserves with particular emphasis on the geological basis of such estimations, the need for and maintenance of a high quality assay data base, the practical use of a comprehensive exploratory data evaluation, and the importance of a comprehensive geostatistical approach to the. The model may be physical, such as a scaled laboratory model, or mathematical. Computer aided ore body modelling and mine valuation intechopen. The process of simulating petroleum reservoirs has been thoroughly described by peaceman 24 as the. Mineral resource and ore reserve estimates thus carry certain errors leading.
Ore reserve estimation and strategic mine planning stochastic. Use of discounted cash flow analysisas a first tool in the economics of the mining industry in the last 30 years, it has become common to define an ore reserve as that part of a mineral resource whose exploitation can generate maximum net present. Ore reserve estimation and strategic mine planning stochastic models and optimizations with case studies. Resource estimation is used to determine and define the ore tonnage and grade of a geological deposit, from the developed block model. The two volumetric methods for reserves estimation are deterministic and stochastic, derminem f.
Probabilistic methods allow the incorporation of more variance in the data. Mining science and technology, 7 1988 161165 elsevier science publishers b. This book detailing stochastic methods and their application to quantifying. New approaches introduced include resource reserve risk quantification, costeffective drilling programs, pit design and longterm production scheduling optimization with. Methods for o re reserve and mineral resource estimation august 2003. A c edwards, pp189198 the australasian institute of mining and metallurgy. If statistical method is to be used, each reserve category should be assessed on different basisto reflect its inherent different level of confidence in data from which it is derived. They may be made by examining engineers as a basis for placing a value on a mining property in connection with reports on behalf of owners or vendors, on the one hand, or for prospective purchasers or lessees, on the other.
Kriging is commonly described as a minimum variance estimator. Request pdf mineral resource estimation there is a growing need to collect. The approach integrates both deterministic and probabilistic methods to evaluate reserves and establish the full hydrocarbon potential of fieldsprospects. Not only deterministic and descriptive manner but also probability. Buy ore reserve estimation and strategic mine planning. Though the results thus obtained may not represent the true average value of the deposit, it is on these results that estimates of practically all large orebodies are. Probabilism, introduction to basic methods and structure of probabilistic risk assessments pra scope of probabilistic risk assessment pra both accident initiating events and the unavailability of safety equipment or measures needed to handle accidents are assumed.
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